Designs and Codes that Reduce Crime around Multifamily Housing
Research shows that crime rates are influenced by the design of
both the building and the space surrounding the building. This
4-page
fact
sheet (PDF,
232 KB) highlights some of the key design concepts that
architects, landscape architects, planners, and elected officials
can employ
to help ensure that new multifamily housing remains crime-free.
 Designs
and Codes that Reduce Crime around Multifamily Housing (PDF, 232 KB)
Implementing these Ideas
A number of local agencies have converted anti-crime
design concepts into local codes and guidelines for new development
and redevelopment.
Examples and guidelines are available
in our Guidelines
section.
References used in writing Designs and Codes that
Reduce Crime Around Multifamily Housing:
O. Newman, Design Guidelines for Creating Defensible Space (1975)
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Departmental Justice, Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration.
C. Cooper, Resident Attitudes Towards the Environment at St.
Francis Square, San Francisco: A Summary of the Initial Findings,
Working paper No. 126 (Berkeley: University of California,
Institute of Urban and Regional Development, July 1970.)
A. Zelinka and D. Brennan, Safescape (2001) American
Planning Association.
R.L. Cole, Kuo, F.E. Kuo and W.C. Sullivan (1997) Where does
community grow? The social context created by nature in urban
public housing. Environment & Behavior,
29(4), 468-492.
F.E. Kuo & W.C. Sullivan (2001) Environment
and crime in the inner city: Does vegetation reduce crime? Environment & Behavior, 33(3)343-367.
F.E. Kuo, et. al., (1998). Fertile ground for community: Inner-city
neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(1)823-851.
R. Sampson, S. Raudenbush and F. Earls
(1997) Neighborhoods and Violent Crime" A multilevel Study
of Collective Efficacy, Science,
Vol. 277, August 15.
H. Cisneros, (1995) Defensible Space: Deterring Crime and Building
Community, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Local Government Commission, (1997) Livable Place Update, February
Issue, Sacramento, California.
This publication was developed
and produced with a grant by Fannie
Mae.
|
